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Post-transcriptional transactivation of human retroviral envelope glycoprotein expression by herpes simplex virus Us11 protein. Diaz JJ, Dodon MD, Schaerer-Uthurralt N, Simonin D, Kindbeiter K, Gazzolo L, Madjar JJ.Identification of a novel cellular cofactor for the Rev/Rex class of retroviral regulatory proteins. Bogerd HP, Fridell RA, Madore S, Cullen BR.Nucleocytoplasmic transport: the influenza virus NS1 protein regulates the transport of spliced NS2 mRNA and its precursor NS1 mRNA. Alonso-Caplen FV, Nemeroff ME, Qiu Y, Krug RM.Regulation of the extent of splicing of influenza virus NS1 mRNA: role of the rates of splicing and of the nucleocytoplasmic transport of NS1 mRNA. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
NS2 WIKI PDF
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (415K). We propose a model by which NEP acts as a protein adaptor molecule bridging viral ribonucleoproteins and the nuclear pore complex. Therefore, we have renamed this Rev-like factor the influenza virus nuclear export protein or NEP. Microinjection of anti-NS2 antibodies into infected cells inhibited nuclear export of viral ribonucleoproteins, suggesting that the Rev-like NS2 mediates this process. A functional domain on the NS2 with characteristics of a nuclear export signal was mapped: it interacts with cellular nucleoporins, can functionally replace the effector domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Rev protein and mediates rapid nuclear export when cross-linked to a reporter protein. The influenza virus NS2 protein, which had no previously assigned function, was shown to mediate the nuclear export of virion RNAs by acting as an adaptor between viral ribonucleoprotein complexes and the nuclear export machinery of the cell.
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Influenza virus replicates its RNA genome in the nucleus of infected cells. Nuclear import and export of viral nucleic acids is crucial for the replication cycle of many viruses, and elucidation of the mechanism of these steps may provide a paradigm for understanding general biological processes.